GLASS MARBLES.
Marble games have been played in all parts of the world with all manner of
playing pieces for more than two thousand years. Children in
colonial America played with marbles made of stone or clay, while nineteenth
century children counted glass marbles amount their treasured playthings.
Enclosure games, hole games, chase games and conquering games are
traditional marble games that are still very popular today.
CLAY MARBLES.
Marble games have been played in all parts of the world with all manner of
playing pieces for more than two thousand years. Children in
colonial America played with marbles made of clay which have been uncovered
at a wide variety of eighteenth century sites. Children in all parts
of early America probably played enclosure games, hole games, chase games
and conquering games, traditional marble games that are probably familiar
today. Clay marbles remained abundantly available throughout the later
part of the nineteenth century, when one factory produced as many as 30,000
marbles in one day.
JACKS Jacks
was played in early America as it had been played for over two thousand
years, with small sheep astragali (knucklebones). The game was known
as "knucklebones," dibs" or "jackstones." Small pebbles or
marbles were sometimes substituted for the bones. Metal jacks, which
mimic the shape of the sheep bones, were probably not in wide use until the
mid-nineteenth century, although a pewter jack found at Fortress Louisbourg
in Nova Scotia is thought to be of eighteenth century origin.
SIGNAL WHISTLE. The American army first organized companies of light infantry in 1775.
These highly mobile units were initially made up of riflemen known for their
speed and marksmanship whose primary role was as skirmishers. Small
shrill whistles made of wood, antler or other common materials played an
important role as signaling commands to the sharpshooters of these light
infantry companies who could not rely on the traditional beating of the
company drum to relay field communications. This wooden whistle is
patterned on a period example.
TIN WHISTLE.
The tin whistle, also referred to as a penny whistle is a close kin of the
recorder in the fipple flute family. It has long been associated with
traditional folk music. It was a popular and inexpensive
instrument used in Europe long before being exported to the North American
colonies where whistles and metal fifes were listed on 18th century
inventories. This instrument is popular with novice and experienced
musicians alike. The novice can play a familiar tune with minutes,
while a more experienced player can make the whistle sing out jigs, reels
and chanteys with the slurs and turns of the professional. This tin
whistle is in the key of D.
PEG TOP. At
least five types of tops were known in England by the 16th Century including
peg tops, whip tops and hand-spun tops. Tops spun by hand were known
to the ancient Mediterranean civilizations. The whip-driven top and
the string-driven top most likely originated in the Far East and traveled
with voyaging traders to Europe, where the whip top appears as early as the
14th Century in a French manuscript illustration. Top tops brought to
the New World colonies by the early settlers would not have been the first
tops on the North American continent where Native Americans had been playing
with hand-spun tops long before the arrival of the Europeans.
FIFE. The
long tradition of the fife as a military signal instrument often overshadows
its also long tradition as an entertaining musical instrument, particularly
well-suited to the jigs and reels so popular in early America. It was
an essential instrument to the military, being used not only to signal
commands in battle but also to call out the daily routines of camp life.
Fifers were usually young boys between the ages of 12 and 16.
One fifer and one drummer were assigned to each company in a regiment which
normally consisted of ten companies. The 10 fifers and 10 drummers of
the regiment formed a corps that provided military music for reviews,
parades and special ceremonies. The fife remained popular
throughout the 18th Century and into the early part of the 19th Century.
It played a reduced but still important role in military action during the
Civil War. Amherst Alden, one of the early owners of the Alden House
served as a fifer in the American Revolution. |